There are two dozen species of Cottontails in the United States, all with similar characteristics. Rabbits are vegetarians eating the inner bark of saplings and shrubs as well as leaves and fruit. They provide a perfect illustration of Nature's balance. Their rapid rate of reproduction is countered by the fact that almost every predatory animal eats them. Cottontail rabbits are quite timid, never venturing too far from the safety of their warrens. Rabbit teaches us through its timidity, to be gentle with ourselves in all situations.

The rabbit is often associated with fear because of the nervous energy it expends. They move suddenly and unpredictably. They hop and leap through life asking those with this totem to  pay attention to their personal movement.  Growth is assured if one is moving in balance with what is in their life.  If they are moving to fast or to slow an imbalance occurs and growth is stifled.

Rabbits are most visible during dawn and dusk. The sun rising and setting from horizon to horizon holds an air of mystique about it. It is a time when the invisible becomes visible and nature spirits are more pronounced.  Because the rabbit and the fairy realms are active during the same time of day it has a strong connection with the magic and mystery of other worlds. To enter this world all that is required is a leap of faith.

Sensitive with keen observation skills, the rabbit has strong reflexes that help them dash to safety quickly protecting themselves from danger. They can be seen, disappear and reappear in the twinkling of an eye.  Fast, agile and clever they hold the teachings of spontaneous decisive movement.  Always knowing which direction to go and when. When rabbit appears it is enabling you to take advantage of opportunities that may only present themselves for brief moments.

Rabbits are guides into the shadow world, where all of our personal fears lie. When the rabbit appears it is time to examine those deep reflexive fears that hold you back from growing. Do you keep dashing for the safety of your old patterns every time something new or challenging presents itself? If so the rabbit asks you to face your fears with compassion for yourself. Accept that it is part of human nature to feel fear at times, but also believe that our fears need not paralyze our growth and movement.

Primarily nocturnal, raccoons travel in small groups of one or two families foraging for fruits, vegetables, and small animals. They are excellent swimmers although they feel more at home in trees. Raccoons are often seen sloshing their hands and food in water before eating. Symbolically hands represent holding or receiving. If raccoon appears to you it might be asking you to let go of a situation, person or habit.  On the other hand it could  be telling you to reach out and embrace the gifts being offered to you by Great Spirit.

Raccoons are often found sitting high in trees. From this vantage point they can observe everything around them and see danger long before it arrives. Extremely curious it leaves no stone unturned. Curiosity has its advantages and its disadvantages. Following ones curiosity can open doorways into new and exciting territory, although curiosity applied without caution can lead to trouble.

These masked bandits are persistent robbers and do not tire easily. They are often spotted around camp grounds foraging for food.  Because of its masked face the raccoon holds the energies of disguise, magic, and secrecy.  Hiding behind its mask it can take on several identities at once and play out different roles. Seldom does it reveal its true identity. It loves adventure and leads us down a road to new discoveries.  Shape shifting is part of its magic. Those with this totem do well in  professions relating to the theater.

Raccoons have an air of indifference around them when caught in the act of a robbery, although if provoked they can become ferocious. Strong and muscular the raccoon can hold its ground in most all situations and teaches us to do the same.

The raccoon is a powerful ally and holds the gift of transformation. When it appears in a persons life the many faces of self are about to be revealed.

Rats would probably not be so successful if it weren't for humans.  Our living habits have provided them with homes and food and we have eliminated many of their predators.  Because of this rats hold important teachings about waste, over consumption and survival for those who have this totem.

Rats can  eat a quarter to a third of their body weight a day.  They gnaw on things to keep their teeth, which are always growing, short and sharp.  Pack Rats are famous for collecting things.  They have been known to strip a sealed cabin in the woods of everything that they could carry.  One species is called the Trade Rat because it leaves a stone in the place of what it takes.

Black Rats carried the fleas that led to the Black Plague.  In Norway some years ago, hungry Rats infested a bird sanctuary and ate, among other things the birds.  They even managed to grab seagulls and hold them down while killing them.

Those with this totem are survivors.  Their tendency is to hoard what they have because they fear that they don't have enough. This fear prompts them to acquire large quantities of things and fight aggressively to maintain what they have acquired. Rat medicine people are not selfish but they can appear that way to those who do not know them well.  Holding onto everything and being the pack rat is their way of feeling secure in an insecure world.

Fortunately rats adapt well  to environmental changes and can survive on just about anything.  They hold the teachings of resourcefulness. Their fear of not being provided for can be healed by participating in supportive group activities, meditation and prayer.

The other side of Rat is that it reflects back to us our own human capacity for greed, taking so much that others needs are denied.  They will sometimes overeat and throw up rather than let food go by.  They will dispossess other small animals of their homes if they can, wanting no competition for food.  They truly personify humankind's imperialistic drives, which are making life on the planet more and more tenuous.  If Rat has come to you, look at ways you may be participating in wasteful consumption or fear based emotions and begin to change your habits appropriately.

Ravens have a long history of myth and lore associated with them. In some native tribes they are known as the "keeper of secrets." They hold the teachings of mysticism and magic. Ravens are linked to the void, where universal secrets are stored. Their inky black color is the color associated with darkness. The darkness is a place where unconscious fears live. Raven, a master magician, embodies the energy of transformation and shows us how to eliminate our inner demons.

Ravens are the largest songbirds in North America. They are extremely intelligent and are clever mimics. They incorporate and mimic calls of other species and can teach us how to understand the language of animals. They have also been known to learn some human words.

The raven knows the mystery of life. They have an intimate association with death and rebirth. Because raven would feed on the corpses of the dead hanging on the gallons, early European settlers feared this bird and considered it to be an ill omen. In truth, however, raven should be respected not feared.

There are many stories in native cultures about this illusive black bird. Shamans know the power of an unexpected piercing sound in altering consciousness. Ravens exercise this power, emitting a variety of sounds and can aid us in shifting our consciousness into various dimensional realms. This is one reason why the raven is known as a shape shifter with magical powers.  Anyone with raven as a totem can expect continual changes and spiritual awakenings throughout their life.

Raven picks its students according to their accumulated wisdom. It flies into a persons life carrying the energy of magic and healing. If it decides to settle in and take up residence, it will stay as long as necessary to aid you in transmuting your karma then return you to the light. It will push, prod, and lead you into the discovery of your multidimensional self and reunite you with the secrets of the multidimensional universe. Those with this totem should remember to meet raven, not with fear, but rather with an appreciation for the teachings that it holds.

The red panda is a smaller relative of the well known giant panda.  It is slightly bigger than a large house cat, has rusty red fur, a long light and dark striped tail, a short white nose, and dark tear tracks. It is active around dawn and dusk and well adapted for climbing, spending much of its time in trees partly to escape predators. It feels safe high above the ground below and never ventures too far away from this source of security. Those with this medicine need to develop a secure foundation and always maintain trust in great spirit.

The panda is a solitary animal except during mating season. They are territorial and will fight other males that enter their area. Because the panda spends most of its day sleeping and descends to the ground in the evening to hunt for food, those with this medicine are usually night owls and do their best work after the sun goes down. Inspiring ideas and perceptive visions are received within the silence of  the night.

Red pandas are slow moving agile climbers and teach us the value of slow movement and patient persistence. They hold the teachings of trust, flow and balance.   The pandas range extends through Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Burma and China. Those with this totem often have past life connections in these areas as well as strong ties to Eastern beliefs and practices.  The study of martial arts is beneficial.

In the wild, red pandas eat mostly bamboo leaves although they supplement their diet with berries, mushrooms, grasses, bark, bird nestings and insects.  The panda depends on bamboo as a main food source. Each species of bamboo has a unique reproductive cycle. Bamboo flowers and dies once every 40 to 120 years. It can take approximately 5 to 10 years for it to regenerate to the point of being a reliable food source again. Its specialized diet, low production rate and low population density makes the red panda vulnerable.  In humans this can manifest in difficult pregnancies or childbirth and dietary imbalances. Proper attention to health is important.

Because the  red panda has a simple stomach and short  intestine it can not get complete nourishment from  its low calorie diet. They must spend a large portion of the day feeding. Those with this totem would benefit by eating small amounts throughout the day to avoid becoming hypoglycemic. A vegetarian diet is helpful. Pandas have a strong connection to plant life and those with this medicine would benefit by studying the healing properties of plants and herbs.

Red Pandas lounge around during the day and appear to be somewhat nonchalant with a carefree attitude.  When they appear in our life they are asking us to play more and worry less.

The rhinoceros is a survivor of the age of giant mammals and are basically solitary creatures. They are descendants of ancient times and bring with them the energy of comfort in ones own solitude. They teach us how to quiet a busy mind and relax within ourselves. Rhinoceros prefer their own company and know how to create and enjoy their personal space.  This in itself is a powerful teaching for those that hold this medicine.

The rhinoceros is characterized by one or two horns on the snout.  Its most distinguishing feature may well be the cause of its extinction. Their horns are prized by traditional Eastern cultures. They have been carved into daggers and ground into powder thought to have healing powers. They have also been used as aphrodisiacs. Their horns, composed of a mass of keratin, a fibrous protein found in hair are used for digging up roots and other edibles. Their poor eyesight compensated by their acute hearing and sense of smell teaches those with this medicine how to sniff beneath the surface and use discrimination in all the choices they make.

This amazing animal holds the energy of spiritual idealism. In part this is due to their peaceful and timid nature. Although the rhinoceros has a reputation for being dangerous, especially the black rhino,  it is generally quite passive and only becomes aggressive when threatened.  It is often seen going out of its way to avoid trouble.

Spiritual idealism can be a blessing or a curse depending on how it is applied in ones life. If a persons ideals are so high that the achievement of that ideal is unattainable depression can set in. Those with this medicine should remember to stay grounded in their pursuit of spiritual growth by taking things one step at a time.  Patience and perseverance are the cornerstones of this medicine.

The Rhinoceros holds the secrets of survival.  It is a guardian of ancient wisdom and reminds us to tread gently on earth and respect all life.  In this way spiritual idealism is attained and peace on earth is established. When you call upon the rhinoceros these ideals await your discovery.

Roadrunners are ground dwelling cuckoos ranging in length from 20 to 24 inches from the tip of its tail to the end of its beak. Legend has it that the roadrunner got its name from running on the road alongside horse drawn carriages. Also known as the chaparral cock this legendary bird is famous for its distinctive appearance, its ability to eat rattlesnakes and its preferences for scooting across the American deserts as seen in Warner Brothers cartoons.

Because of its lightening quickness, the roadrunner is one of the few animals that preys upon rattlesnakes. Using its wings like a matador's cape, it snaps up a coiled rattlesnake by the tail, cracks it like a whip and repeatedly slams its head against the ground till dead.  It then swallows its prey whole, but is often unable to swallow the entire length at one time.  This does not stop the roadrunner from its normal routine.  It will continue to meander about with the snake dangling from its mouth, consuming another inch or two as the snake slowly digests.

Although speed is its ally time is irrelevant to the roadrunner.  It can do several things at once and isn't bothered with completing one thing before moving on to the next.  This is partly due to its great mental agility represented by the crest on its head..  Many native cultures believe  a "crest"  symbolizes quick and efficient thinking capabilities. Those with this medicine have the ability to think quickly on their feet, flow with rapid change and understand the proper use of speed.

The roadrunner is a large black and white mottled ground bird. It has strong feet, a long tail and an oversized bill. It can run up to 17 miles per hour. When the roadrunner senses danger or is traveling downhill, it flies, but it cannot keep its large body airborne for more than a few seconds and so, it prefers walking or running.  It has a clownish gait when running or walking and reminds us to laugh with ourselves and not take things too seriously.

The roadrunner is a vocal bird producing a variety of sounds from crows, chuckles, clacking and coos. Roadrunner asks us to use sound to benefit ourselves. Distract unwanted influences or say the right thing at the right time. By listening to the roadrunner we discover the right tone to use in any situation from a low coo to a screeching chuckle. Sound as well as speed can pierce through a situation and change its energy.  Shamans are known to use both to shape shift realities when necessary.

Roadrunners are uniquely suited to desert environments and inhabit open, flat or rolling terrain with scattered cover of dry brush, chaparral or other desert scrub.  When spring arrives, the male roadrunner acquires food for himself and then offers choice morsels to a female as an inducement to mating. He often dances around her while she begs for food, then gives her the morsel after breeding briefly.  Roadrunner teaches us the importance of honoring our personal needs first before giving to others.  Some might think of this as a selfish act but in truth it is a balanced one. Although roadrunner has an ulterior motive when offering the female food (that of breeding)  it carries the message of survival.  Take care of yourself first and then assist others.

Because roadrunner is always thinking of ways to get what it wants it reminds those with this medicine to use the ingenuity of their minds.  If a problem occurs "think" yourself out of it. Highly intelligent, roadrunner medicine people have the mental capabilities to fix or change any situation. Procrastination is not part of this medicine. Roadrunner reminds us that mental alertness, speedy action coupled with the right use of sound always produces harmonious outcomes.

The robin redbreast is a bird of Spring, a time of new growth and new beginnings. It flies into our lives on the winds of change asking us to weed our personal gardens and plant new seeds for our future. Rebirth and renewal require changes in all areas of life that have become stagnant and outdated.  The robin redbreast teaches us to how to make these changes with joy in our hearts. Its song is a happy one reminding us to let go of our personal drama and learn to laugh with life.  If this medicine is underdeveloped those with this totem are continually challenged by the prospects of change. Difficulties arise and emotional discord can surface.  Learning how to release our attachments to the old is one of the life lessons the redbreast helps us master.

This bird packs a powerful punch.  It holds strong significance in ancient myth and lore.   One legend had its origins in European mythology, in which the bird of Spring was associated with the New Year and  represented divine sacrifice and the rebirth of the spirit.

In Medieval Europe the robin redbreast was often depicted attending the Christ child, an emblem of the Passion to come.  It was told how, at that fateful hour, it was the tiny robin who flew to Jesus' Crown of Thorns, striving valiantly to pluck the spines away with his beak.  Unfortunately the bird succeeded only in tearing his own breast on the thorns. Ever since then it was thought that all robins wore red feathers on their bosoms as a badge of honor.  The robin redbreast is a bird of divine service. Those with this totem often have past life ties to the Christ energy.  They make excellent priests and missionaries.

The red coloring of the robins chest is linked to the kundalini in man.  This life force lives coiled up within the base of the spine. When sufficient spiritual growth has been attained it uncoils, rising up the spine to create heightened awareness.  This process enhances psychic vision which leads us into enlightenment.  Those with this medicine are dedicated spiritual seekers. Growth can be slow and arduous. With patience, compassion and proper focus spiritual ideals are achieved.

Robins lay powder blue eggs. This is the color associated with the throat chakra in man.  It is also linked to heavenly inspiration.  Because the throat chakra's main function is to express the will of God and the egg is symbolic of new life, this helpful little totem teaches us how to assert the creative will of God in all we do. It leads us into new beginnings without fear by restoring faith within our hearts.

Salamanders most commonly occur in freshwater and damp woodlands, principally in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are generally short bodied, four legged, and moist skinned animals with bold patterns and bright colors. Patterns and colors have different meanings to different people. Examining the patterns and colors of the salamander can help us discover the intricate patterns that govern our lives. Unwanted emotional patterns can be restructured or eliminated by the study of sacred geometry and meridian alignments.

Like other amphibians the salamander absorbs water through their skin and needs a moist habitat in which to live. Those with this medicine need to be around water for their overall health and well being. Breeding often occurs in the water although certain members of this family breed on land.

The word amphibian comes from two words--"amphi" = "double" and "bios" = life. Amphibians divide their life between land and water. From a symbolic aspect, this can reflect much about what has often been taught in lore about its power. Salamanders are often regarded as the keeper of dreams. Their ability to live in water and on land can reflect that lucid dreaming is going to be stimulated.

The salamander hears and responds to low frequency tones rather then high pitched ones. These tones are primal in nature and can help us gain entry into the underworld. To strengthen ones sensitivity to such sounds playing the didgeridoo as well as drumming is helpful.

Typical salamanders undergo a larval stage that can last for a period of a few days to several years. The development of a child with salamander medicine is usually slower than other children their age. Specific periods of major transitions are common and easily pinpointed. Those with this medicine will find themselves continually learning, growing and developing their body, mind and spirit throughout the early part of their life. In their adult years knowledge gained as a child will surface.

Salamander medicine is a subtle teacher, from its patterns and colors, to its connection with the elements. Those with this totem will often find themselves living a double life. Their thoughts and actions can seem odd and unusual which gives them the power to assist others in shape shifting their reality.

There are several different types of salmon located on both the Pacific coast and the Atlantic.  Their acute sense of smell is one of their most amazing features.  This ability helps them find their way back  home to spawn.  They have the uncanny ability to find the one stream that they were hatched in based solely on its odor.

Salmon usually return to their place of origin every 5 to 7 years. They have solid bonds with  their history.  For those with this totem life changes are prominent within this time span.   At the end of a cycle a new beginning emerges.  Swimming upstream and overcoming all obstacles is part of what the salmon teaches us.  When this medicine is underdeveloped it could be asking us to stop battling the currents of life.

Because  its origins are so important to it, the salmon reminds us to honor our true heritage. Those with this medicine have strong spiritual desires and work tirelessly to manifest them. They make excellent priests, nuns, spiritual counselors and teachers. The study of geneology is important..

Incredibly determined, a salmon will jump 10 foot waterfalls and struggle past eagles, bears and many other predators, including humans, to reach their home waters.  Their drive to reach their place of origin is remarkable.  They rarely eat on their journey home and have little interest in anything but getting to their destination.  Once there they spawn then die.

When the salmon is seen laying eggs in the coarse sand and gravel beds of streams it suggests that the birth of a new idea is at hand.  It cautions however to make sure that the new idea is not  laid on a rough foundation.

The salmon shows us how to swim the sacred waters upstream, overcoming all obstacles to return to the source.  Although  struggle is part of its journey the salmon teaches us how to focus our energy and attention on an objective and maintain the discipline necessary to accomplish it. Sometimes it takes single minded determination to overcome obstacles and achieve a desired goal.

Salmon medicine people are hardy and can persevere when others cannot.  They often choose a life full of challenges because they know that within each challenge lies the opportunity for growth.

The sea horse is an amazing creature. It lives in sea grass beds, mangroves and coral reefs.  They consume up to 3000 brine shrimp daily.  Because they don't have teeth they swallow food whole. Many people regard the sea horse as mythical creatures perhaps because of their odd form.  They have a horse like head, bony plated body, brood pouch and a prehensile tail.  Sea horses have been credited with potent magical and medicinal qualities. Chinese and other asian cultures have been using sea horses in medicine for 400 to 500 years.  Believed to cure impotency and asthma, lower cholesterol, treat thyroid and heart disorders and prevent arteriosclerosis the sea horse is widely hunted.  Those with this medicine are often prone to one or more of the above ailments but also have an uncanny ability to heal them.

A slow swimming fish the sea horse must rely on camouflage to escape capture from humans. It can change its color to match their background and grow long appendages so they blend in better with the algae.  Storms are also a threat because they tear them from their holdfasts to be cast ashore or die from exhaustion.  The sea horse teaches the art of camouflage and energy management.   Because it is used in healing it also holds the energies of service and sacrifice, giving up its life for the sake of another.

One of the most fascinating aspects of the sea horse is that the male becomes pregnant when a female deposits her eggs into his pouch.  The male provides oxygen through a capillary network in the pouch, transfers nutrients and controls the pouch environment to ensure that the young are born healthy.  In nature the single parent family is the overwhelming rule and that parent is usually the female!  This act by the male indicates a gentle strength combining both feminine and masculine characteristics  When the sea horse swims into our life it asks us to examine and then balance those components within ourselves.

Another interesting fact about the sea horse is that each eye moves independently giving it a broader range of vision. It sees things differently than other creatures and offers us the gift of clear sight.  Those with this medicine usually have good peripheral vision and
need to honor what they think their imagination is seeing!

This fascinating creature teaches us a variety of skills that are necessary to perfect our imperfections. When we open up to its teachings we return to the creative source of all that is.

Seagulls generally live  by the water near seaports.  They are often seen diving into the water  or bobbing on its surface.  The seagulls connection to the water is symbolic for those with this totem.  Water represents the emotional side of a persons psyche.  Because the seagull is a messenger its actions should be studied in order to know what it is trying to tell you.  If it dives into your life this can indicate deep seated emotions that need to be healed.  If seen bobbing on the surface its asking you to let go of worry, go with the flow and enjoy yourself more.

Seagulls are considered untidy birds as well as scavengers.  They make their nests out of vegetation and garbage.  Some people consider them pests and others admire them.  When the locust invasion of 1849 threatened to destroy crops in California, huge flocks of Gulls fed on the insects and stopped the invasion.

Scavengers as well as fishing birds they will eat almost anything.  When several gulls find food, the one who gets there first gets to eat.  They seldom fight over their dinner.  Seagulls hold the teachings of fairness and respect and show those with this medicine how to create relationships based on these two principals.

Relaxed and easygoing in all of their pursuits seagulls bring us the gift of a carefree attitude. They are casual about how they build their nests and where they live.  Those with this totem are sometimes untidy in their appearance and disorganized in their life.  Although  comfortable with these characteristics friends and family
often find these habits distasteful which creates challenging living situations for those with this medicine.

For those with this totem try to remember that the complementary side of a carefree nature is the proper acceptance of responsibility.  When you commit to something and others are depending on you its not appropriate to just fly off if the mood strikes you.  It is good to temper a carefree attitude with a responsible nature and to know when each behavior is appropriate.

Seals are at home in the water but give birth on land. During the mating season the males can engage in ferocious battles one minute and be playful and amusing the next. Seals have the agility to move from anger to complete calm. Being excellent swimmers they know how to flow with the ever changing currents. If seal pops its head into your life you are being asked to review the ebb and flow of your thoughts and emotions and maintain a point of balance.

Water is a creative element and represents the feminine imagination and intuition. When a seal appears in your life it is a signal to pay close attention to your imagination and insight both in the dreamtime and in the waking state. Much of what your imagining may have, and usually does, a strong basis in reality no matter how far fetched it appears.

Seals do not have external ears, just small openings. This signifies its kinship with their inner voice and can show those with this totem how to listen to the sound within. That sound is a inherent part of ones creative, imaginative powers.

Seals swim above and beneath the water enabling them to experience both the inner and outer worlds. They teach those with this totem how to flow, how to hear, and how to discover the deeper mysteries of their true nature. There are no limits to the creative energies stimulated by this medicine. The seal is the keeper of wisdom and shows us what is hidden deep within ourselves. They teach us how to integrate the our imagination with the reasoning power of the  intellect. Doing this promotes balance and harmony on all levels.

Sharks are viewed stereotypically as dangerous.  Singly, and when they are not hungry, sharks tend to be quite peaceful.  They can be trained to do simple tasks such as distinguishing certain objects from others in the water, and the ringing of a bell for a meal when in captivity.  In large groups however, they can become unpredictable and may frenzy.  In order to remain calm and centered shark medicine people require time to themselves.  If they do not have time alone they can become irritable, anxious and aggressive in their behavior.

Sharks have incredibly sensitive noses that can smell one drop of blood in 50 million times as much water. They can feel the pressure waves made by a struggling fish and are sensitive to electromagnetic currents. They teach those with this totem how to develop and refine their own sensory abilities.  The study of aromatherapy would benefit those with this medicine.

The shark has no swim bladder and must swim perpetually to keep from sinking to the bottom.  Water has always been associated with emotional transformation. By observing the sharks swimming patterns we learn how to rise out of our emotional discord efficiently.

Sharks have been known to inspire great terror because they have the power of the predator, fearless and unpredictable.  The shark offers the power of protection to those who resonate to it.  When there is something in your life that you need to frighten away call upon the shark to help you.  In the course of our learning we can attract events and people that are disharmonious.  Working with shark medicine gives you the  power and confidence to drive off negative elements or eliminate them completely.

The skunk is a powerful totem with mystical and magical associations. Skunks are slow moving solitary creatures and spend most of the daylight hours underground.  They dig their own dens but will also take over abandoned homes of foxes, marmots and rabbits.  They hold an air of self confidence and can teach us how to develop self esteem and self respect.

Throughout history skunks have carried a reputation that  is respected as well as feared.  If a skunk feels threatened, it raises its tail and stamps its front feet.  If that doesn't scare off the intruder, it hisses, turns around presents its tail and sprays.   A skunk can spray 10 to 14 feet with accuracy.  This noxious liquid irritates the eyes blocking vision temporarily. Those with this medicine need to develop inner vision and use it to see beyond what the physical eyes perceive.

The skunk smell is one that everyone can recognize.  Author Ted Andrew states that those with this medicine  find  the use of fragrances will elicit dynamic responses in those they associate with.  People will respond to the fragrances you employ. A study of aromatherapy would benefit those with this totem.

Skunk teaches us how to comprehend a warning.  Many times in life our instinct can foresee trouble ahead, but our mind gets in the way and inhibits this knowledge.  By watching and learning from skunk, we learn how to honor that part of ourselves which like the skunk, gives us many warnings before an actual problem or disaster develops.  When a skunk appears in our life it could very well be our intuition sending us a signal of imminent danger or caution.

The stripe running from the head to the tail of the skunk is linked to the creative life force within.  When this medicine is fully developed those with this totem have the ability to direct their creative energy to manifest a desired result. If underdeveloped a need to awaken consciousness and look beyond the perimeters of ones immediate world is important.

Skunks go about their business quietly and those with this medicine are advised to do the same.  Unbalanced skunk people have a habit of tooting their own horn looking for recognition.  Because of the intense energy the skunk holds this can create problems in communicating with others.  Those with this totem are either well liked or disliked.  The art of attracting and repelling are inherent skills and can benefit us if they are mastered efficiently. Remember people are going to notice you.  How they notice you can be controlled by you.

Snails are found in gardens, ponds and even the sea.  Their soft bodies are protected by hard shells which they use as a defense.  When disturbed or alarmed the snail withdraws or pulls itself back into its shell.  It also retreats into itself and seals the entrance in dry weather to protect its body from drying up.  Those with this medicine know how to retreat when danger is present as well as seal themselves off from others.  This can be beneficial as long as the individual does not become too much of a recluse and inhibit their communication and interaction with others. Knowing when to retreat and when to act is an important teaching for those with this totem.

The snail creates a slime trail to travel on so it is easier to move over different surfaces and textures.  They remind us to take the easiest path to reach our destination.  When snail appears in your life ask yourself if you are taking a harder path than is necessary.  Because snail retreats into its shell during adverse weather conditions those with this medicine have the ability to build walls around themselves and withdraw until a situation improves.  Snail medicine people have clear perceptions and need to learn to honor those abilities in all situations.

Both male and female the snail can produce sperm and eggs at the same time.  Because of this duality those with this totem  have a tendency towards identity conflicts in their younger years. This conflict triggers issues of self esteem and confusion.  Fortunately as the person gets older their male and female characteristics align and begin to work together in a complimentary way.

Most active at night or on cloudy days the snail uses all of its senses equally and simultaneously.  Those with this totem often find they seldom have one intuitive gift more pronounced than another as all psychic abilities are utilized in any given situation.

The snail understands the value of slow movement and teaches us how to use that movement  to our advantage.  It holds the teachings of patience, perseverance and respect.  It asks us to be mobile and fluidic as we move through life, always aware of how our actions or lack of them affect others. The trail we leave behind  holds the history of who and what we are.  When snail enters your life your reputation is under review.  Past situations come to the surface to be healed or balanced in some way.  Snail asks us to "make right whatever we have wronged."  In this way spiritual growth  is attained.

Snakes are fascinating creatures that deserve respect.  Throughout history the snake has had many legends associated with it linking them to creation, fertility and transformation.

In Israel the snake was regarded as the earth mother and played a beneficial role in fertility.  In Egypt the cobra was  known for its ability to expand the upper neck into a disc shape by spreading its ribs which symbolized immortality.  In Christian lore the snake is seen rising from the chalice of St. John wound around a cross sometimes portrayed with a woman's head to symbolize lust and temptation. In Eastern cultures a snake rising up through the spine represents the kundalini, or life force being awakened.

One of snakes most noticeable characteristics is the regular shedding of its outer skin as it grows. Once the skin is shed, the old inner layer becomes the new outer layer and a new inner layer of skin begins to develop. Crawling out of its old skin is very significant for those with this medicine. It is a metaphor for how we shed old ways and habits as we grow into higher spiritual energy symbolizing the death and rebirth process. It is also associated with astral travel and out of body experiences.

The eyes of a snake are always open protected by immobile transparent scales. Prior to shedding its skin the snakes markings become obscure and the eyes appear opaque or blue.  This gives it a trance like appearance as if it is looking right through you. Learning how to see into the hearts of others is part of what it teaches us. .

Snake has been a symbol of life and sexuality for thousands of years in many cultures. It is a totem of power, renewal and transmutation. Soundless in motion and invisible at rest snakes are unable to produce their own body heat.  They are often seen lying in the hot mid day sun.  The suns warmth coupled with the snakes behavior regulates their body temperature.  Not relying on the energy of food to generate body heat, they can survive on meager diets for extended periods of time. Those with this totem need very little food to energize themselves. They are usually cold and prefer warmer climates.  Their body temperatures are often lower than normal.

Snakes lack eardrums and external ear openings but have small bones in the head that conduct sound.  They are able to hear low frequency sounds and sense vibrations that travel through the earth. This links them to the underworld where secrets are stored.

The snake symbolizes healing on a cellular level. Because their bodies are lightweight and flexible they have speed and agility. When they enter into your world expect swift changes to sweep through your life. These changes signify a death of the old and a birth into untapped power, creativity and wisdom. Snake is a powerful totem to have. Only those with a high degree of spiritual training, be it past or present, will be awarded this totem. It is the guardian of sacred places and the keeper of hidden knowledge.

Many stories exist about the weaver, Grandmother spider. She carried on her back the gift of fire in a basket that she wove and presented it to the people. In another story it is said that her web bound all things together and formed the foundation of earth..

These legends give the spider a link to the past and the future, birth and creation.  When the spider crawls into our awareness it is asking us to rebuild the web of our life in accordance with the design the creator gave us.

Spiders differ from insects in having eight legs rather than six and in having the body divided into two parts rather than three. The number eight laid on its side is the symbol for infinity.  The number two implies the union of two forces joined together. Together they equal ten.  Drop the zero and you are back to the starting point of one. The hidden message of spider is unity.  The study of numerology is beneficial for those who hold this medicine.

The construction of a web is linked to the geometry of creation. In the construction of an orb web the spider releases a sticky silken thread into the wind.  If the breeze carries the thread to a spot where it sticks the first bridge is formed.  Spider cautiously crosses the line reinforcing it with a second.  This process continues until a frame is constructed in which the web can secure itself.  Bridges serve as a link tying all things together and remind us of our interconnectedness to all life.

The spider shows us that the past, the present and the future are all interwoven.  It awakens our intuitive creative senses and encourages us to design the fabric of our lives from our souls original intention. If you see a spider in its web, or creating a new one, pay attention.  It symbolizes where you are in the weaving of your own destiny.   A study of the medicine wheel and the four directions is helpful.

Because spiders are actually very delicate they embody the energy of gentleness.  Spiders are not usually aggressive unless they are defending their lives. Moving forward in all situations with a gentle strength is a skill that often needs to be learned for those with this totem. In man, the bite of a poisonous spider symbolizes a death, rebirth process. Poison enters the nervous system and the body either transmutes it or falls victim to its venom and dies.

The spider signifies the tapestry of life.  The web we weave is the reality we experience. Choosing the appropriate path is one of the lessons associated with this medicine.

When you observe the squirrel in nature they are always busy.  They seem to have an endless supply of energy.  Seldom do you see a squirrel inactive.  Focused on the task at hand,  agile and quick,  they are constantly preparing for the future by gathering nuts and seeds for later use. Although they are always prepared for what may come they have a tendency to forget where they store things. The forgetfulness of squirrel serves as a reminder to those with this medicine to slow down, pay attention and to stop running frantically in several directions at once.

Squirrels are sociable and communicative. They can be quite vocal both in work and play. Sometimes their continual chatter disturbs the silence, which creates an air of distraction and chaos. If you find yourself disturbed by their constant chatter the squirrel is telling you to speak clearly and effectively or to go within and be still, depending on the circumstances around your situation. Their gathering nature teaches those with this totem how to reserve energy and store things for future use. Honoring the future and readying yourself for change.

Squirrel embodies the quality of trust and is one of the few animals that will eat out of a person's hand. This symbolizes a need to let down your defenses and learn to trust more. The issue of trust can play out in all areas of a person's life from personal intimacy to trusting Great Spirit.  Because the squirrel is always prepared those with this medicine must remember that they will be taken care of. Establishing trust where it is presently absent would compliment the power of this medicine.

Squirrel represents balance within the circle of gathering and giving out. If squirrel has scampered into your life pay attention to the wisdom it has to offer you. Preparedness and survival skills can be learned from this powerful totem.

Graceful elegant birds the swan seems to glide through the water leaving hardly a ripple behind.  Its persuasive beauty reminds us to move gently through the currents of life and not battle them.

Swans are one of the fastest fliers. During migration they fly in V formations at great heights.  Their wing beats are slow but steady.  This gives them the endurance needed to reach their destination quickly without tiring.  Those with this totem have the same abilities and should observe, then apply, the movements of swan when pursuing goals.

The swans large wings embrace the sky collecting and storing knowledge from the heavens. Their white plumage reminds us of the wonder and innocence found in the purity of spirit. Their long slender necks serve as a bridge between the mundane and the extraordinary.  Upon this bridge lies the wisdom for spiritual realization.

The swan mates for life. Courtship involves mutual bill dipping or head-to-head posturing.  They are committed devoted partners.  In personal relationships humans make commitments they cannot keep. By applying swans skills in our life we begin to honor what we have chosen. This in itself is a powerful lesson for those who hold this medicine. Honoring commitments increase ones personal integrity.

While feeding, swans do not dive into the water like other birds.  They skim its surface dipping themselves in and out.  In man, water is associated with the feminine principal of intuition and emotion. By following the lead of the swan we learn how to view our emotions without getting trapped by them. Our intuition helps us understand our feelings and the swan helps us process them efficiently.

Swans are sociable birds with a long life span.  They live about 20 years in the wild and 50 years or more in captivity. The swan is a totem that teaches us grace through movement and longevity through inner knowledge.  When we look upon the swan it invokes a feeling of tranquility in us and reminds us to experience the beauty and magic of life.